1. 哪些人幫助了受納粹影響最大的猶太人？
答案是丹麥人。
the danish resistance movement, with the assistance of many danish citizens, managed to evacuate 7,220 of denmark's 7,800 jews, plus 686 non-jewish spouses, by sea to nearby neutral sweden during the second world war.
of 580 danish jews who failed to escape to sweden, 464 were arrested. the 464 danish jews who were captured and deported to the theresienstadt concentration camp in the protectorate of bohemia and mor**ia,the casualties among danish jews during the holocaust were among the lowest of the occupied countries of europe.Yad Vashem（以色列猶太人大紀念館）只記錄了 102 名在大屠殺中被殺害的丹麥猶太人 a total of 51 danish jews—mostly elderly—died of disease at theresienstadt camp.
over 99% of denmark's jewish population survived the holocaust!.在600萬猶太人被謀殺的背景下，這確實是乙個奇蹟！
on september 28, 1943, duckwitz leaked word of the plans for the operation against denmark's jews to hans hedtoft, chairman of the danish social democratic party. hedtoft contacted the danish resistance movement and the head of the jewish community, c. b. henriques, who in turn alerted the acting chief rabbi, marcus melchior.在 9 月 29 日清晨禮拜中，即 10 月 1 2 日哈沙納德的前一天，拉比梅爾基奧爾警告猶太人計畫中的德國行動，並敦促他們立即躲藏起來，並將訊息傳播給他們所有的猶太朋友和親戚。
the roundup was organized by the ss who used two police battalions and about 50 danish volunteer members of the waffen ss chosen for their familiarity with copenhagen and northern zealand
during the first days of the rescue action, jews moved into the many fishing harbors on the danish coast to await passage, but officers of the gestapo became suspicious of activity around harbors (and on the night of october 6, about 80 jews were caught hiding in the loft of the church at gilleleje, their hiding place h**ing been betrayed by a danish girl who was in love with a german soldier).
the rescue is estimated to h**e cost around 20 million kroner, about half of which were paid by jewish families and half from donations and collections.
there were several hundreds, if not a few thousands, of ordinary danes who took part in the rescue efforts.
丹麥物理學家尼爾斯·玻爾（Niels Bohr）的母親是猶太人，他在向瑞典國王和政府部長發出個人呼籲時，堅定地為他的同胞站出來古斯特國王**五世在認識玻爾的葛麗泰·嘉寶（Greta Garbo）的勸說電話後，准許他接見他he was spirited off to sweden, whose government arranged immediate transport for him to the united states to work on the then top-secret manhattan project. when bohr arrived on swedish soil, government representatives told him he had to board an aircraft immediately for the united states. bohr refused. he told the officials—and eventually the king—that until sweden announced over its airw**es and through its press that its borders would be open to receive the danish jews, he was not going anywhere. bohr persuaded gustaf to make public sweden's willingness to provide asylum, and on 2 october swedish radio broadcast that sweden was ready to receive the jewish refugees.
2.為什麼這個人類得救的奇蹟在丹麥上演？
the german reich plenipotentiary of denmark, werner best, despite instigating the roundup via a telegram he sent to hitler on october 8, 1943, did not act to enforce it. he was aware of the efforts by duckwitz to h**e the roundup cancelled, and knew about the potential escape of the jews to sweden, but he turned a blind eye to it
logistically, the operation was relatively **denmark's jewish population was small, both in relative and absolute terms, and most of denmark's jews lived in or near copenhagen, only a short sea voyage from neutral sweden (typically 5 to 10 kilometers. although hazardous, the boat ride was easier to conceal than a comparable land journey.
the deportation of jews in denmark came one year after the deportations of jews in norway. that created an outrage in all of scandin**ia, alerted the danish jews, and pushed the swedish government to declare that it would receive all jews who managed to escape the nazis.
3. 國際正義戰士
“國際義人”是指在猶太教中被稱為可以進入天國的非猶太人。 the righteous among the nations, honored by yad vashem, are non-jews who took great risks to s**e jews during the holocaust. what they had in common was that they protected their jewish neighbors at a time when hostility and indifference prevailed.
as of january 1, 2022, the yad vashem holocaust memorial museum in israel has recognized 28,217 righteous among the nations. these non-jewish men and women are from 51 different countries and s**ed thousands of jews from the nazi horrors.
丹麥雖然對當地猶太人的幫助最大，但大多是匿名的，而且大多是集體的，因此只有 22 人成為符合以色列標準的“國際義人”。 波蘭、荷蘭和法國的“國際志願者”人數最多，每個國家都有4000多人。
“國際義勇士”是以色列人的發明，我們的國家應該有這樣乙份名單，以便我們的人民能夠記住那些在我們國家陷入困境時冒著風險幫助我們的國際友人。 例如，白求恩和陳納德的美國志願隊在中國陣亡的24名飛行員，以及美國第14航空隊在駝峰航線上陣亡的1500多人。愛和感恩是化解天下矛盾的必由之路，仇恨只能加深矛盾，作為大國，我們應該用我們仁慈的儒家思想來引領世界文明的思想！
個人電腦從中國國際正義戰士
在這 28,217 人中，有 2 人5 中國人是國際義人。
a2000 名猶太人的救世主 - 何鳳山
這是我在中華人民共和國總領事館舊址（Johannesgasse 22， 1010 Wien）偶然拍攝的維也納市**的照片，以紀念何鳳山博士。
該建築距離“施特勞斯金人”公園的入口不遠，對面是洲際酒店。 在這裡，時任國民黨駐維也納總領事的何鳳山向大約2000名猶太人發放了前往上海的簽證，使他們能夠逃離歐洲，避免被納粹殺害。 何先生永遠感謝以色列人做了他的上級反對和同齡人不敢做的事情。
從 1937 年 5 月抵達上海到 1940 年 5 月離開，何鴻燊向大約 2,000 名猶太人發放了前往上海的簽證。 納粹當局沒收了中國總領事館的住所，藉口是猶太人的財產。 何鳳山申請資金重建駐南京領事館，但被拒絕。 眼看求資無望，他自費租了一間很小的房子，把領事館搬到那裡作為辦公地點，堅持要辦簽證。
當時，蔣介石利用德國顧問，買下德國，並派兒子蔣衛國到德國學習軍事。 因此，何鳳山很快就被他的頂頭上司、駐德國大使陳傑直接下令：他堅決反對何鳳山向猶太人發放簽證，但何鳳山卻置之不理。 後來，有人向***做了乙個小報告，說何鳳山在向猶太人出售簽證。 陳傑遂採取突然襲擊，派人前往維也納調查。 因為找不到證據，所以它被關閉了。 然而，何鴻燊於2024年5月被調離維也納。
many of those helped by ho did indeed reach shanghai, either by boat from italy or overland via the soviet union through harbin. many others made use of their visas to reach alternate destinations, including palestine, the philippines, and elsewhere.
eric goldstaub, who eventually immigrated to canada, related how, in july 1938, he received chinese visas for his entire family after spending “days, weeks, and months visiting one foreign consulate or embassy after the other trying to obtain visas for [himself, his] parents and [their] near relatives, numbering some 20 people.”
居住在加拿大的格爾達·戈特弗里德·克勞斯（Gerda Gottfried Kraus）說，在水晶之夜之後，她的丈夫排著長隊等待進入中國領事館 seeing a car approaching the consulate’s gates, he thrust his application form through its window. “apparently, the consul-general received it, because [my husband] then got a call and received the visas.”
bpan yun shun
潘俊順是第一位因藏匿和庇護烏克蘭猶太女孩而被授予國際義稱號的中國公民
pan jun shun moved to russia in 1916 looking for work. he settled in moscow where he found work as a laborer. as an enthusiastic communist, he decided to stay in the ussr.他在莫斯科生活期間結婚並育有兩個兒子，之後他搬到了哈爾科夫。 his two sons were drafted into the red army at the beginning of the war; they never returned home and were presumed to h**e been killed during the war.
one morning in early january 1942, pan opened the door of his apartment and found lyudmila standing there, shaking from cold and fear. lyudmila had escaped the ghetto with a group of youths and had then lost them. her mother bribed the nazis with her jewelry so that her children could escape. with no other option, she had headed to her former home. pan immediately decided that they would s**e the jewish child.
he survived the war and continued to live there until his death in 1974.
c).chi-fu-lintaisya
這是乙個離奇的故事，乙個有一半中國血統的烏克蘭女人救了兩個一半猶太人、一半中國血統的烏克蘭孩子，並最終嫁給了兩個孩子的中國父親。
尼古拉·基夫迪安（Nikolay Ki-fu-dian）來自中國，與他的猶太妻子安娜·什皮格爾（Anna shpigel）以及他們的孩子，五歲的卓婭（Zoya），三歲的維克多（Viktor）和嬰兒拉里薩（Larisa）住在哈爾科夫市1941 年 10 月，在哈爾科夫被占領後不久，根據德國人的命令，Shpigel 和三個孩子被從 Ki-fu-dian 分開，並與該市的其他猶太人一起轉移到在農業裝置工廠地區建立的貧民窟（即使父親是中國人，如果母親是猶太人， 孩子也將作為猶太人被帶走）。
中國父親，國際義人泰莎，父親帶著女兒卓婭（中）和維克多（後排）。
ki-fu-dian did his utmost to rescue the members of his family. with the help of the local chinese community, he collected many items of value and after bribing one of the guards he managed to get two of his children out of the ghetto.就在德國人殺害他的妻子和小女兒的兩天前，基夫典將維克多和卓婭偷運出隔都，並把他們帶到華人社群的密友泰西婭·志福林（她的父親應該是中國人）的家中 throughout all the days of the occupation, this woman, who lived alone, hid the two children and looked after them with motherly devotion. to make sure that no one would discover the hidden children, she moved from one place to another, and in this way s**ed the lives of viktor and zoya.
after the war, chi-fu-lin married ki-fu-dian and she continued to raise his children with love and devotion. in later years, viktor and zoya immigrated to the united states.
看到這個家庭成員的悲慘命運，我不禁想起了納粹軍隊中南韓士兵更加離奇的命運。
2024年8月，日本與大韓帝國簽訂《日韓合併條約》，徹底吞併朝鮮。 他們於2024年被日本帝國陸軍強行徵召入伍，併入偽滿洲國的日本關東軍。 2024年，在日本-Sunomenhan戰役中，這些朝鮮士兵被蘇聯軍隊俘虜。 日蘇停火後，日本戰俘被遣返，但蘇軍將這些朝鮮士兵扣留，送往古拉格監獄**，因為蘇聯不認為他們是“戰俘”。
蘇德戰爭爆發後，蘇軍大幅縮編，在人手不足的情況下，這些朝鮮戰俘也被編入蘇聯紅軍，投入東線戰場。 結果，他們被德國人俘虜並被關進戰俘營。 後來，國防軍開始招募志願者"東方軍團。 這些朝鮮血統的蘇聯囚犯也包括在內"東方營"編隊，被分配到諾曼第的國防軍執行海防任務。 戰鬥開始後，他們被美軍俘虜。
從2024年到2024年，漫長的六年戰爭，這些朝鮮人從日軍、蘇聯紅軍、德國國防軍，最後成為美軍的俘虜。 二戰結束後，這些被俘士兵大多獲釋後被遣返南韓，並參加了朝鮮半島的內戰。
當我們感嘆在烏克蘭堅韌不拔的中國人和戰鬥不死的南韓人時，我們不得不說，他們都是悲慘的，幸運的悲慘。 我們怎能悲痛憤慨：在歷史巨變產生的洪流中，每乙個人都像波濤洶湧的大海中的一艘扁舟，你所有的品質和優點都只是平舟中的穩定器和發動機，它的效果擋不住天空的陰雲，更不能抵擋大海的變幻莫測， 而我們眾生，都要被裹在大海的起起落落中。願世界各國領導人相信“愛”是消除仇恨的關鍵，帶領人類理智地守護兩次世界大戰才實現的世界和平。
乙個不在拯救者人數最多的國際義人名單上的猶太人——- 12,000 名猶太人救世主王提福
王鐵夫是偽滿洲國駐柏林納粹德國使領館的工作人員，他簽發了12000多份簽證，其中首批7000份簽證是響應德國與滿洲國的協議簽發的，最後5000份簽證是在說服上級後冒著極大的風險簽發的， 陸義文，滿洲國駐德國公使。他簽發的12,000份簽證也高於何鴻燊簽發的2,000份。
二戰爆發前，德國最初奉行排斥政策，而不是滅絕，納粹想將猶太人驅逐出德國。 當時，所有歐洲國家都拒絕猶太人，只有美國勉強同意接納他們。 從德國到美國的漫長海上航線，為了盡快驅逐猶太人，德國與蘇聯談判，允許猶太人從蘇聯過境，進入滿洲，然後從上海到美國。 為此，德國外長於2024年5月召見呂義文，請他為逃離德國的猶太人申請滿洲國入境簽證。
在簽發了7000多份簽證後，第二次世界大戰爆發了，此時德國已經開始建立集中營，並發動了大規模的針對猶太人的運動。 1939 年 9 月，德國暗示偽滿洲國駐納粹德國使領館將不再向猶太人發放簽證。 王提夫知道留在德國的猶太人會很幸運，於是他說服他的上司、滿洲國駐德國公使呂一文決定繼續秘密申請簽證，直到他接到滿洲國的指示，並盡量不讓德國知道。 2024年，滿洲國命令王提夫停止向猶太人發放簽證，並立即返回中國。 但王鐵夫在回國的火車上繼續簽發過境簽證，直到2024年5月。 回到中國時，王先生已經簽發了12000多份簽證。 他是世界上拯救猶太人生命最多的人！
二戰結束後，他因滿洲國**身份被蘇聯俘虜，被關押在戰犯集中營12年。 回國後，因為有過叛徒的經歷，又被送了22年，70多歲後，也當了10年的老人，忍不住說晚上很慘。 2024年，王提福在哈爾濱病逝; 他去世時，以色列駐華大使親自前來悼念。
滿洲國垮台後，同樣幫助猶太人的呂以文於2024年在昆明被雲南省高階法院判處死刑。 但陸逸文並沒有被處決。 2024年10月，中國人民解放軍第13軍第3師第115團第3營在雲南四茅鎮壓土匪時，呂怡文被殺。
為什麼比何鳳山更拯救猶太人的王鐵夫被授予“國際義人”和“中國的辛德勒”稱號？
因為有一種觀點認為，他從 1939 年春天到 1940 年 5 月為德國猶太人獲得出境簽證的工作不是自發行為，而是日本人乙個偉大陰謀的實現：河豚計畫。
河豚是一種有毒的魚，但它的肉非常美味，必須先吃完才能品嚐"毒素"刪除。 而日本人則把猶太人比作河豚，認為猶太人是財富的象徵，可以給出一定的計畫來誘捕猶太人，以促進日本的發展。
2024年，日本內閣批准了四年前日本鋼鐵業大企業家鯰川義介提出的建議"計畫吸引 50,000 名德國猶太人到滿洲國"在這個計畫的背景下，有一種說法是，很難說王提福為猶太人簽了簽證"善舉"。
可能是因為這個原因"河豚計畫"以色列人不承認國王的存在"正義"日本人可能對他向猶太人發放簽證的行為負責。
國際上國際司法界的知名人物
奧斯卡·辛德勒（Oskar Schindler），一位拯救了 1,200 名猶太人的德國商人。
gr**e of oskar schindler in the mount zion franciscan cemetery, jerusalem, israel. the german inscription reads: "oskar schindler, the unforgettable lifes**er of 1200 persecuted jews." the hebrew inscription reads: "righteous among the nations"
1962 年，在經歷了艱苦的生活和多次冒險失敗之後，他得到了他所救助的猶太人的獎勵。 “schindler jews” reached out to him with an offer — and money — to come to israel.
i am speechless after all of the sad experiences of recent times, for such wonderful help and a rescue at this most serious time,” he responded in 1962.
i am particularly proud that many of you, my dear and longtime friends, express the wish to welcome me in israel as a guest and friend, which was previously mostly reserved for german government members. of course, i would like to come,”
raoul gustaf wallenberg ，a swedish architect, businessman, diplomat.
he s**ed thousands of jews in german-occupied hungary. while serving as sweden's special envoy in budapest between july and december 1944, wallenberg issued protective passports and sheltered jews in buildings which he declared as swedish territory.
when soviet forces liberated budapest in february 1945, more than 100,000 jews remained, mostly because of the efforts of wallenberg and his colleagues.
wallenberg was last seen in the company of soviet officials on january 17, 1945, as the red army view this term in the glossary besieged budapest. he was presumably detained on suspicion of espionage and subsequently disappeared. a soviet government report in 1956 suggested that wallenberg had died on july 17, 1947, while imprisoned by soviet authorities at the infamous lubyanka prison in moscow.
nicholas winton, a british stockbroker, the s**iour of 669 jewish children .
winton assisted in the rescue of 669 children, most of them jewish, from czechoslovakia on the eve of world war ii.
近百篇原創文章包括英語反思、歐洲二戰、攝影、中國近代史、房地產投資五大類。 典型文章：
歐洲二戰：最著名的猶太女孩的藏身處和安息之地歐洲二戰遺跡-歐洲二戰遺跡，德國紐倫堡-漢堡和漢諾瓦二戰希特拉的結婚證和墓地：幾乎兩次改變二戰歷史的啤酒館。