anesthetics
before effective anesthetics, surgery was very crude and very painful. before 1800, alcohol and opium had __success in easing pain during operations.laughing gas was used in 1844 in dentistry in the usa，but failed to ease all pain and patients __conscious.ether (useo
from 1846) made patients totally unconscious and lasted a long time.however, it could make patients cough during operations and sick afterwards.lt was highly flammable and was __in he**y glass bottles.chloroform (used from 1847) was very effective with few side effects.however, it was diffcult to get the dose right and could kill some people __the effect on their heart. an inhaler helped to regulate the dosage.
分析：
1.選項答案little
鴉片的意思就是鴉片，即酒精和鴉片在麻醉到來之前用來麻醉病人，正是因為它們作用不大，才會在前一句中出現粗暴而痛苦的修改。 很少是否定意義的積極形式，很少，意思是[[幾乎沒有]。 小和少都有這種用法，但因為成功是不可數的，所以選擇小
調查技能]這種對語境理解的空洞檢查。
在1800年之前，酒精和鴉片對緩解手術疼痛無效。
2.選項答案remained
顧名思義，笑氣發明於1844年，但是沒有辦法緩解所有疼痛，病人還是清醒的。
調查技能]這種對語境理解的空洞檢查。
笑氣於1844年在美國牙科中使用，但它未能緩解所有疼痛，患者仍然保持清醒。
3.選項答案transported
解決問題的思路]前面已經有空了，只能被動地選擇運輸的桌子。
調查技術]這種空洞的語法檢查。
它是高度易燃的，用沉重的玻璃瓶運輸。
4.選項答案because of
解決的辦法是正面和背面之間的因果關係：因為對他們心臟的影響，可能會殺死一些人
調查技能]這種對語境理解的空洞檢查。
然而，很難獲得正確的劑量，並且由於對心臟的影響，可能導致某些人死亡。
譯本：
在有效麻醉劑出現之前，手術非常粗糙和痛苦。
before effective anesthetics, surgery was very crude and very painful.
在1800年之前，酒精和鴉片對緩解手術疼痛無效。
before 1800,alcohol and opium had little success in easing pain during operations.
笑氣於1844年在美國牙科中使用，但它並沒有緩解所有的疼痛，病人仍然保持清醒。
laughing gas was used in 1844 in dentistry in the usa. but failed to ease all pain and patients remained conscious.
乙醚（1846年開始使用）使患者完全失去知覺並持續了很長時間。
ether (used from 1846) made patients totally unconscious and lasted a long time.
但是，它可能會使患者在手術過程中咳嗽並在手術後生病。
however,it could make patients cough during operations and sick afterwards.
它是高度易燃的，用沉重的玻璃瓶運輸。
it was highly flammable and was transported in he**y glass bottles.
氯仿（1847年開始使用）非常有效，幾乎沒有***
chloroform (used from 1847) was very effective with few side effects.
然而，很難獲得正確的劑量，並且由於對心臟的影響，可能導致某些人死亡。
however,it was diffcult to get the dose right and could kill some people because of the effect on their heart.
吸入器有助於調節劑量。
an inhaler helped to regulate the dosage.