愛就像大腦的交響樂，從最初的火花到最後的眼淚，神經化學物質和大腦系統編織著這段精神之旅。 你對大腦在一段關係中扮演的角色感到好奇嗎？ 它如何引導我們從初戀的甜蜜到最後的心碎？
【今日TED精讀】：墜入愛河的科學！ 愛背後的科學！
** 雙語字幕）。
更換密封件。
以原文閱讀（附翻譯）。
love is often described as heartwarming, heart-wrenching, and even heartbreaking.
我們經常將愛情描述為溫暖人心、令人心碎，甚至令人心碎。
so, what does the brain h**e to do with it?
那麼大腦和它有什麼關係呢？
everything!
一切都與它有關！ the journey from first spark to last tear is guided by a symphony of neurochemicals and brain systems.
從第一次火花到最後一次撕裂的旅程是由神經化學物質和大腦系統組成的。
as you begin to fall for someone, you may find yourself excessively daydreaming about them and wanting to spend more and more time together.
當你開始與某人取得聯絡時，你會發現自己整天都在想著他和她，想和他多呆一會兒。
this first stage of love is what psychologists call infatuation, or passionate love.
愛情的第一階段被心理學家稱為“激情之愛”，或激情之愛。
your new relationship can feel almost intoxicating, and when it comes to the brain, that's not far from the truth.
這種新的關係會讓你著迷，從大腦的角度來看，這幾乎是真的。
infatuated individuals show increased activation in the ventral tegmental area.
中腦的腹側被蓋區 （VTA） 在戀愛中的人中更為活躍。
the vta is the reward-processing and motivation hub of the brain, firing when you do things like eat a sweet treat, quench your thirst, or in more extreme cases, take drugs of abuse.
VTA 是大腦中處理獎勵和激勵的中心，當您吃甜點、喝酒時，或者更極端地說，當您濫用藥物時，它會讓你興奮。
activation releases the "feel good" neurotransmitter dopamine, teaching your brain to repeat beh**iors in anticipation of receiving the same initial reward.
啟用過程會釋放神經遞質多巴胺，讓你感到“神清氣爽”，訓練你的大腦認為重複這些行為會獲得同樣的回報。
this increased vta activity is the reason love's not only euphoric, but also draws you towards your new partner.
VTA 更積極的活動不僅使愛情愉快，而且讓您被新伴侶所吸引。
at this first stage, it may be hard to see any faults in your new perfect partner.
在第一階段，你可能很難看到你完美的新伴侶的缺點。
this haze is thanks to love's influence on higher cortical brain regions.
這種霧**是愛對大腦高階皮質區域的影響。
some newly infatuated individuals show decreased activity in the brain's cognitive center, the prefrontal cortex.
一些剛剛墜入愛河的人大腦的認知中心前額葉皮層的活動減少。
as activation of this region allows us to engage in critical thought and pass judgment, it's not surprising we tend to see new relationships through rose-colored glasses.
由於這個區域的啟用使我們能夠辯證地思考並做出判斷，因此我們將通過粉紅色的泡沫看到新的感受也就不足為奇了。
while this first stage of love can be an intense rollercoaster of emotions and brain activity, it typically only lasts a few months, *way for the more long-lasting stage of love, known as attachment, or compassionate love.
雖然愛情的第一階段可能涉及強烈的情緒起伏和大腦活動的變化，但它通常只持續幾個月，然後就會過渡到愛情的下乙個階段，即依戀，或“陪伴之愛”。
as your relationship develops, you may feel more relaxed and committed to your partner thanks in large part to two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin.
隨著你們關係的進展，你會對你的伴侶更加放鬆和堅定，這在很大程度上要歸功於兩種激素：催產素和加壓素。
known as pair-bonding hormones, they signal trust, feelings of social support, and attachment.
這兩種荷爾蒙成對出現，產生信任感、相互支援和依賴感。
in this way, romantic love is not unlike other forms of love, as these hormones also help bond families and friendships.
這樣，愛情與任何其他形式的愛情沒有什麼不同，因為這些荷爾蒙也促進了家庭和友誼的紐帶。
further, oxytocin can inhibit the release of stress hormones, which is why spending time with a loved one can feel so relaxing.
催產素還可以抑制焦慮激素的釋放，這就是為什麼和你愛的人在一起會如此放鬆。
as early love's suspension of judgment fades, it can be replaced by a more honest understanding and deeper connection.
當愛的最初盲目消散時，取而代之的是更清晰的理解和更牢固的聯絡。
alternatively, as your rose-colored glasses begin to lose their tint, problems in your relationship may become more evident.
換句話說，當你的粉紅色泡沫破裂時，關係中的問題會逐漸浮出水面。
no matter the reason a relationship ends, we can blame the pain that accompanies heartbreak on the brain.
無論這段關係結束的原因是什麼，我們都可以將伴隨心碎的痛苦歸咎於大腦。
the distress of a breakup activates the insular cortex, a region that processes pain — both physical, like spraining your ankle, as well as social, like the feelings of rejection.
分手的悲傷會啟用島葉皮層，這是乙個處理求救訊號的區域——可以是身體上的，比如腳踝骨折，也可以是交流的，比如被拒絕的感覺。
as days pass, you may find yourself once again daydreaming about or cr**ing contact with your lost partner.
隨著時間的流逝，您可能會重新點燃對前任的想法或與他重新建立聯絡的願望。
the drive to reach out may feel overwhelming, like an extreme hunger or thirst.
伸出援手的慾望可能會壓倒性地向你襲來，比如極度飢餓或口渴。
when looking at photos of a former partner, heartbroken individuals again show increased activity in the vta, the motivation and reward center that drove feelings of longing during the initial stages of the relationship.
看著前任的**，傷心欲絕的人的VTA又活躍起來，激勵和獎勵中心點燃了戀愛初期的慾望。
this emotional whirlwind also likely activates your body's alarm system, the stress axis, le**ing you feeling shaken and restless.
這種情緒旋風也可能啟用你身體的警報系統，你的壓力軸，讓你感到不安。
as time goes on, higher cortical regions which oversee reasoning and impulse control, can pump the brakes on this distress and cr**ing signaling.
隨著時間的流逝，控制理性和衝動的高階皮質區域將緩解焦慮和渴望。
given that these regions are still maturing and **connections through adolescence, it's no wonder that first heartbreak can feel particularly agonizing.
這部分區域在青春期發育和連線，因此第一次心碎令人心痛也就不足為奇了。
activities like exercise, spending time with friends, or even listening to your f**orite song can tame this heartbreak stress response, while also triggering the release of feel-good neurotransmitter dopamine.
從事鍛鍊、與朋友玩耍甚至聽自己喜歡的歌曲等活動可以緩解心碎帶來的壓力反應，還可以釋放更多快樂的神經遞質多巴胺。
and given time and the support, most can heal and learn from even the most devastating heartbreak.
時間和他人的支援可以撫慰心碎，甚至有所作為。
關鍵詞彙短語
關鍵詞： 1 dopamine ['d p mi n]：多巴胺。
2.迷戀 [ n f t e n]： 迷戀。
3.催產素 [ KS T S N]：催產素。
4.加壓素 [ ve s pr s n]：抗利尿激素。
5.皮層 [ k rteks]： 皮層。
6.前額葉 [pri f nt l]：前額。
7.attachment [ t t m nt]： 附件。
8.insular [ nsj l r]：孤立。
9.distress [d str s]：疼痛。
10.神經遞質 [nj r tr nzm t]：神經遞質。
關鍵詞： 1玫瑰色眼鏡。
2.配對結合激素。
3.應力軸。
4.感覺良好的神經遞質：一種感覺良好的神經遞質。
5.情緒過山車：情緒的過山車。
小練習
1. love's influence on higher cortical brain regions may lead to a(n) _in critical thought, as some infatuated individuals show decreased activity in the brain's cognitive center, the __cortex.
a) increase, prefrontal
b) decrease, insular
c) boost, ventral tegmental
d) surge, temporal
2. the release of "feel-good" neurotransmitter dopamine in the ventral tegmental area contributes to the euphoric feeling of love and draws individuals towards their new partner. this increased vta activity is analogous to the response triggered by activities such as eating a sweet treat or taking __
a) a nap
b) a walk
c) drugs of abuse
d) a deep breath
3. heartbroken individuals, experiencing the distress of a breakup, show increased activity in the __cortex, a region responsible for processing both physical and social pain. looking at photos of a former partner may rekindle feelings and activate the motivation and reward center, the __
a) prefrontal, hippocampus
b) insular, amygdala
c) temporal, nucleus accumbens
d) occipital, cerebellum
答案解析：1 a) increase, prefrontal
分析：愛情對大腦皮層較高區域的影響可能導致批判性思維的減少，因為戀愛中的一些人表現出大腦認知中心前額葉皮層的活動減少。
2. c) drugs of abuse
分析：在腹側啟用，釋放“感覺良好”的神經遞質多巴胺，類似於吃甜食或濫用藥物等行為引發的反應。
3. b) insular, amygdala
分析：在分手疼痛期間，心碎的人在同質皮層（乙個處理生理和社會疼痛的區域）中表現出更多的活動。 觀察前伴侶的**可能會重新點燃感情，並在動機和獎勵的中心杏仁核上表現出更多的活動。
免責宣告：原 **版權所有 ted。com